For the self-employed · Coming soon

See the health subsidy you’re about to lose — and the moves that can win it back.

If you're self-employed and near the 400% income cliff, the deductions that lower your MAGI can restore thousands in ACA premium subsidy. This tool computes what that would take — from your own income.

Early access this fall 2026. We’ll email you when it opens. No spam.

Your position · example
AGI
$67,732
Taxable income
$41,306
Marginal rate
12.0%
federal bracket
Effective rate
19.9%
of gross income
Projected due at filing
$16,295

After withholding and estimated payments

These are example numbers. Run it on yours the day it opens.

Get early access

ACA premium subsidy (400% FPL cliff)

over the 400% FPL cliff
400% FPL · $62,600
Subsidy (under the cliff)No subsidy
Current · $68kif you apply → under
$46,950$78,250
Restore premium subsidy
$2,274

by contributing $8,000/yr · plus $526 in income tax saved

$0$39,741 max
Apply $8,000/yr & run

Illustrative — an example self-employed household just over the 400% FPL cliff, computed by the same engine the tool runs. Your own numbers set the real position.

What this tool does & how it works

What this tool does

If you’re self-employed and buy health insurance through the ACA Marketplace, one number quietly controls thousands of dollars of your health costs: 400% of the federal poverty level. In 2026, earning a dollar over it can wipe out your premium subsidy entirely — the “subsidy cliff.”

This tool shows you, from your own numbers, where you stand relative to that cliff — and what it would take to get back under it. Enter your self-employment income, household size, and a few details, and it computes your position on the cliff, the deductions available to you that move it, and how much subsidy each would recover. And because your income isn't final until the year is — a strong final quarter or a late invoice can push you over — it tracks where you stand as your numbers change, so you can act while there's still time to, rather than find out at filing.

It's built for the person the cliff hits hardest: the freelancer, consultant, or small-business owner.

How the cliff works

Marketplace premium subsidies (the premium tax credit) are calculated on a sliding scale based on your household income relative to the federal poverty level (FPL). For the 2026 plan year, under current law, the subsidy is available up to 400% of FPL and disappears above it — a hard cutoff rather than a gradual phase-out. The exact threshold depends on your household size and where you live; you can confirm the current figures at healthcare.gov and the federal poverty guidelines.

Because the subsidy stops rather than tapers, two households a few hundred dollars apart in income can face very different health costs — one receiving thousands in assistance, the other nothing. That discontinuity is what makes it a cliff, and it's why a strong final quarter or a year-end invoice can cost far more than the income it added.

What actually moves your position

Your subsidy is based on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI), not your gross revenue — and this is the detail that decides which moves work. Only deductions taken “above the line” reduce MAGI. Pre-tax retirement contributions (a Solo 401(k), SEP-IRA, or for higher earners a cash-balance plan), HSA contributions, and the self-employed health insurance deduction all qualify. Itemized deductions — mortgage interest, state and local taxes, most charitable giving — reduce your taxable income but not your MAGI, so they do nothing for the ACA cliff. It’s a common and expensive mix-up.

The tool weighs the MAGI-reducing options available in your situation, accounts for the ones you’re already using, and sizes the additional amount that would bring you back under the threshold. Near the cliff that can mean a contribution you were likely making anyway does double duty — funding your own retirement account and recovering health subsidy at the same time.

How it works, step by step

  1. 1Enter your situation — self-employment income, household size, age, and your benchmark premium (or let the tool estimate it).
  2. 2See your position — where your MAGI lands relative to your 400% FPL cliff, and how much subsidy is at stake.
  3. 3See what moves it — the MAGI-reducing options open to you, and how much subsidy each would recover.
  4. 4Adjust and explore — change a contribution or your income and watch your position and subsidy update.
  5. 5Track your position through the year — your income isn't final until the year is, so come back as it changes and see where you stand and the moves still available to you, while there's time to act.

The calculation handles an interaction most estimates miss: your health-insurance premiums are themselves deductible, so deducting them lowers your MAGI, which raises your subsidy — which in turn limits how much of the premium you're allowed to deduct. That loop is genuinely circular, and the IRS publishes a specific method for resolving it. Getting it wrong in either direction moves the answer by thousands, and near a cliff the difference between clearing it and missing by a few hundred dollars is the difference between a full subsidy and none.

Two things worth knowing about scope: the tool assumes you claim the subsidy at filing rather than as advance monthly payments, and it estimates your benchmark premium from your age unless you enter your own. Both are adjustable, and both are stated where they apply.

Who it's for (and who it isn't)

This is most valuable when you’re near the cliff — close enough that a realistic contribution can bring your MAGI under it. If you’re far over the threshold, no contribution can bridge the gap. If you’re comfortably under, you already qualify — but the tool still shows how much room you have and watches it through the year, so a strong season doesn’t quietly push you over the edge before you notice.

Frequently asked questions

What is the 400% FPL subsidy cliff?+
It's the income threshold above which ACA premium subsidies, under current 2026 law, drop to zero rather than phasing out gradually. Crossing it can eliminate thousands of dollars in premium assistance.
What counts toward the income the subsidy is based on?+
Marketplace subsidies use modified adjusted gross income (MAGI), not gross revenue and not taxable income. It starts from your adjusted gross income and adds back a few items — tax-exempt interest, excluded foreign income, and the non-taxable portion of Social Security. Anything deducted above the line lowers it; itemized deductions do not.
Which deductions actually lower my ACA income?+
Above-the-line ones. Pre-tax contributions to a SEP-IRA, Solo 401(k), or traditional IRA reduce your MAGI, as do HSA contributions and the self-employed health insurance deduction. Itemized deductions — mortgage interest, state and local taxes, most charitable giving — reduce taxable income but not MAGI, so they don't move your position relative to the cliff.
What's the difference between taking the subsidy monthly and at filing?+
You can have the credit paid in advance directly to your insurer each month, which lowers your premium bill, or claim the whole thing when you file. If you take it in advance, you reconcile at filing against your actual income: earn less than estimated and you receive the difference; earn more and you repay some of it. Below 400% of the poverty level that repayment is capped on a sliding scale — at or above 400% there is no cap, and the entire advance amount is repaid.
Does this work for everyone over the cliff?+
No — it works when you're close enough that a feasible contribution can bring your MAGI under the threshold. If you're far above it, the lever can't reach.
What if my income changes after I check?+
Then your position changes with it. The subsidy is based on your full-year MAGI, so nothing is settled until the year closes — a strong fourth quarter or a late invoice can carry you across the cliff after you thought you were clear, and a slow one can bring you back under. That's why it's worth tracking through the year rather than calculating once: you can see where you stand as your numbers change, and act while there's still room to.
Where do I find my benchmark premium?+
Your second-lowest-cost Silver plan (SLCSP) premium is on Form 1095-A, column B, or you can look it up at healthcare.gov. The tool can also estimate it from your age if you don’t have it yet.
Is the ACA cliff permanent?+
Health-subsidy rules are subject to legislation and can change. This tool reflects current 2026 law; always confirm current rules at your state exchange or healthcare.gov.
This page is for educational and informational purposes and is not tax, legal, or financial advice. Tax and health-subsidy rules change and are subject to pending legislation; figures reference the 2026 plan year. Verify current thresholds with healthcare.gov, the IRS, or your state exchange, and consult a qualified professional before making decisions.